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Ganden Monastery is located on Wangbur Mountain, on the southern bank of Lhasa River in Tagtse County, 47 kilometers from Lhasa City. It stands at an altitude of 3,800 meters above sea level. Ganden Monastery is one of the earliest and largest Buddhist monasteries in Tibet. It was founded in 1409 by Tsong Khapa, the originator of the Gelukpa, or Yellow Hat, sect. As the abbot of Gandan, Tsong Khapa preached Buddhism and wrote many books here.
Gandan covers an enormous area, as building continued for generations. Gandan consists of many temples and other buildings. The "Cuoqin Vihara" has 108 pillars and is large enough to house 3,500 monks at one time. It contains the beautiful and skillfully carved bronze statues of maitreya and Tsong Khapa. The throne of Tsong Khapa plus his collection of Tibetan statue can also be found here.
The "Chituokhan Buddhist Temple" is one of the earliest buildings of Gandan, and this is where Tsong Khapa and successive Gandan abbots lived. The 7th Dalai Lama added an ornate golden pinnacle to the building. The temple contains many Buddhist Sutras, ancient codes and other personal belongings of Tsong Khapa. The "Yanbajian Hall" is a large four-story building with 72 pillars. Building began in 1409 and finished in 1416. A golden pinnacle was added to the hall in 1610 by the 4th Panchen Lama. The outside garden contains the stupa of successive abbots. Inside the hall is a suit of armor belonging to Chinese Emperor Qian Long, who presented it to Gandan in 1757. It is one of Gandan's highly prized treasures. The suit bears an inscription, written in Han, Manchu, Mongol and Tibetan, showing the Qing Emperor's respect of the Buddha.
"Shidoukhan Palace" contains the stupa of Tsong Khapa, and marks the place where he died on October 25, 1419.The following year Dama Rergin, a disciple of Tsong Khapa, built a silver stupa in his honors. In later year, the 13 the Dalai Lama rebuilt this stupa in gold.
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